焦炉煤气发电机组

Diagnosis of vibration faults

　　振动故障的诊断，要找出振动的特点和观察有关现象，进行分析，判断产生振动的原因和部位，决定相应的异常振动的方法。一般要作转速试验、负荷试验、真空试验，进行振动的频谱分析。获得机组振动的特性——振幅、频率、相位的变化规律。

The diagnosis of vibration faults requires identifying the characteristics of the vibration and observing relevant phenomena, analyzing and determining the causes and locationss of the vibration, and determining the corresponding methods to eliminate abnormal vibration. Generally, speed test, load test, vacuum test, and frequency spectrum analysis of vibration are required. Obtain the characteristics of unit vibration - the variation patterns of amplitude, frequency, and phase.

　　不平衡质量力激起的振动特点

Vibration characteristics induced by unbalanced mass forces

　　机械激振力引起强迫振动：转子质量的不平衡、转子挠曲、转子连接和对中心的缺陷；动静部分摩擦；铆接围带脱落、叶片断裂。

Mechanical excitation force causes forced vibration: imbalance of rotor mass, rotor deflection, rotor connection, and defects in center; Friction between the moving and stationary parts; The riveting strap falls off and the blade breaks.

　　转子质量不平衡

Unbalanced rotor mass

　　振幅与转速的平方成正比；通过临界转速时振动明显加剧；振幅相位随转速变化而变化。通过临界转速时振幅明显加大；每一次的相位相对固定，通过临界转速前后相位变化换向。

The amplitude is proportional to the square of the rotational speed; The vibration intensifies significantly when passing through the critical speed; The maximum amplitude phase varies with the speed. The amplitude significantly increases when passing through the critical speed; The phase is relatively fixed each time, and the phase changes before and after the critical speed are reversed.

　　转子弯曲

Bending of rotor

　　造成质量偏心,其振动特点与质量不平衡相似,但振幅与弯曲的绕度大小有关,转子晃度变化（增大）；临界转速下振幅的相位与晃度的相位有关。若发生摩擦时,振动波形中有高次谐波。

Causing mass eccentricity, its vibration characteristics are similar to mass imbalance, but the amplitude is related to the magnitude of bending, and the rotor oscillation changes (increases); The phase of amplitude at critical speed is related to the phase of oscillation. If friction occurs, there are higher-order harmonics in the vibration waveform.

　　转子对中不良

Poor alignment of the rotor

　　转子找中心是保证运行时，其中心线是一条连续光滑的自然垂弧。对中不良是指“两联轴节中心错位或其端面张口不合适”。对于通过止口连接的联轴节，只要止口同心，可以保证中心不错位，但要考虑其两侧轴承座在运行中标高变化是否一致。其端面张口是在端面垂直于中心线的前提下，考虑运行中轴承座标高的变化。

The centering of the rotor ensures that during operation, the centerline is a continuous and smooth natural vertical arc. Poor alignment refers to the misalignment of the centers of the two coupling joints or improper opening of their end faces. For the coupling connected through a stop, as long as the stop is concentric, it can ensure that the center is not misaligned, but it is necessary to consider whether the elevation changes of the bearing seats on both sides are consistent during operation. The opening of its end face is based on the premise that the end face is perpendicular to the centerline, taking into account the changes in the elevation of the bearing seat during operation.

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